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In many contexts in mathematics the term inverse indicates the opposite of something. This word and its derivatives are used widely in mathematics, as illustrated below. * Inverse element of an element ''x'' with respect to a binary operation * with identity element ''e'' is an element ''y'' such that ''x'' * ''y'' = ''y'' * ''x'' = ''e''. In particular, * * the additive inverse of ''x'' is ''−x''; * * the multiplicative inverse or reciprocal of ''x'' is ''x''−1. * * inverse function — inverse element with respect to function composition: a function that "reverses" the action of a given function: ''f''−1(''f''(''x'')) = ''x''. * Inversion in a point — a geometric transform. * Circle inversion — another particular geometric transformation of a plane that maps the outside of a circle to the inside and vice versa. * Inverse limit — a notion in abstract algebra. * Inverse (logic) — ~''p'' → ~''q'' is the inverse of ''p'' → ''q''. * Inverse matrix — inverse element with respect to matrix multiplication. * Pseudoinverse, a generalization of the inverse matrix. * Inverse proportion, also ''inversely proportional'' — a relationship between two variables ''x'' and ''y'' characterized by the equation * Inverse problem — the task of identifying model parameters from observed data; see for example * *inverse scattering problem * *inverse kinematics * *inverse dynamics. * Inverse perspective — the further the objects, the larger they are drawn. *Inverse semigroup *Inverse of an element in a semigroup * Inverse-square law — the magnitude of a force is proportional to the inverse square of the distance. * Inverse transform sampling — generate some random numbers according to a given probability distribution. * Inverse chain rule method — related to integration and differentiation. * Inversion of elements, a pair of adjacent out-of-order elements of a permutation (viewed as a list). * Inverse relation * Inversion transformation, an extension of Poincaré transformation. ==See also== * Inversion (disambiguation) ca:Invers fr:Inverse id:Invers pl:Inwersja sv:Invers 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Inverse (mathematics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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